<html><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><div dir="auto" style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div><div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><div class="article-meta" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2.8em auto; padding: 1.3em 0px; border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: none; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; text-align: center; max-width: 680px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Helvetica, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;"><div class="article-byline issue" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(117, 117, 117);"><div class="item" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box;"><div class="article-source" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center;"><span class="masthead" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box;"></span></div></div><div class="item" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box;"><span class="author" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; display: block; max-inline-size: 75ch; text-wrap: balance;">MARK WINFIELD MARK WINFIELD IS A PROFESSOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND URBAN CHANGE AT YORK UNIVERSITY. HE IS THE AUTHOR OF “BLUEGREEN PROVINCE: THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ONTARIO.”</span></div><div class="item" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box;"><span class="date" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box;">3 Jun 2025</span></div></div></div><div class="article-tools-wrapper" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 3em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; 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background-clip: border-box; display: block;">More</span></button></div></div><div class="article-content" lang="en" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Helvetica, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;"><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">Ontario's Bill 5 — the Protect Ontario by Unleashing our Economy Act — has drawn growing criticism that rather than protecting Ontario from Donald Trump, it imitates the U.S. president's increasingly authoritarian style of governance.</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">There have been strong suggestions the Trump administration's approach to governance has been heavily influenced by the models of the likes of Hungary's Viktor Orban, and Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdogan.</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">Both regimes have been labelled as reflecting a model of “authoritarian populism.”</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">In Ontario, Premier Doug Ford's government was initially labelled as a form of “market populism,” emphasizing the interests of “the people” vs. elites, the need to cut “red tape” and “get it done.” Concerns that the Ford government's style seemed to reflect an understanding of its mandate as an “electoral dictatorship” emerged early. At one point, Ford asserted he had “final signoff on everything in this province.”</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">In office, the Ford government was noted for its disregard for limits on executive authority; the systemic elimination of requirements for public consultation, transparency, accountability in decisionmaking in the name of eliminating red tape; decisionmaking models that seem more based on access and connections than evidence of democratic processes; the increasingly assertive use of state power to favour private interests, particularly in areas like urban development, energy and resource extraction; and the pursuit of costly and questionable infrastructure projects with little or no meaningful public review.</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">These behaviours have accelerated dramatically following February's provincial election, which saw the Ford government reelected under a banner of “Protect Ontario.”</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">Consistent with its previous style, the government has taken an assertive interpretation of its electoral mandate, although, as in 2022, its legislative majority actually flows from the votes of less than 20 per cent of eligible voters in the province (43 per cent of popular vote with 45.4 per cent voter turnout).</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">Consistent with a disregard for boundaries on executive authority, the legitimacy of judicial reviews of government decisions has been challenged in a manner seen as reminiscent of Trump's responses to similar reviews. The government's response to the granting of an injunction against the government's attempt to remove bike lanes in Toronto has been a notable example.</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">But perhaps the best illustration of the province's postelection assertiveness is Bill 5. The most notable feature of the bill is provisions that would allow for the creation of “special economic zones” anywhere in the province. Within these zones, economic activities could be excluded, by the provincial cabinet, from any applicable provincial or municipal legislation, regulations, bylaws or rules such as environmental, public health, safety, labour, human rights, planning and building standards. “Trusted” proponents could be provided with similar exemptions.</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">The bill would also effectively repeal the province's Endangered Species Act. The already fragile regulatory regime for mining would be further weakened as well.</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">Although notionally aimed at the “Ring of Fire” mineral deposit in Northern Ontario, special economic zones could be designated anywhere in the province, including densely populated urban areas. The premier himself has mused publicly about designating his proposal to bury the 401 Highway under such a zone.</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">It has been noted these kinds of zones are a common feature of authoritarian regimes, like China's, or jurisdictions in deep economic distress.</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">The legislation has prompted vociferous reactions from the province's Indigenous leaders. For others, the response has been one of near despair, asking “is this what the Ontario government has come to?” in mirroring Trump's authoritarian governance style in the name of resisting the U.S. president.</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">As an economic strategy, the bill's implicit message is that there is no limit to how low the province might go in terms of health, safety and environmental standards to attract investment. As such it can be seen as the product of a government that seems to have no real idea of how to deal with the challenges posed by Trump and a rapidly changing world.</p><p class="article-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">The fate of Bill 5 is an unknown at this point. The same can be said of the question of whether it signals a full move in the direction of an “authoritarian populist” mode of governance. The fact that the question is on the table at all in a province in which political culture had been defined by moderation and civility is a surprising enough.</p><p class="article-annotation" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 1.6em; padding: 1.6em 1em; border-width: 2px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: none; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; line-height: 1.6em; font-family: Merriweather, serif; max-width: 680px;">Bill 5's implicit message is that there is no limit to how low the province might go in terms of health, safety and environmental standards to attract investment</p></div></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><br></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><b>National Observer/Toronto Star Article: Ford Government Moves To Override Cities On Green Building Standards:</b></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><br></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><br></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>